Chapter 11 Vocabulary

Genetics: the scientific study of heredity.

http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/genetics.shtml

True Breeding: If allowed to self-pollinate, they would produce identical to themselves.

http://biology.about.com/bldeftruebreed.htm

Trait: a specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another.
http://www.google.com/search?um=1&hl=en&q=define:trait&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=iw

Hybrid: the offspring of crosses between parents with different traits.

http://www.answers.com/topic/hybrid-gene?cat=technology

Gene: the chemical factors that determine traits.

http://www.accessexcellence.org/AE/AEPC/NIH/gene03.html

Allele: The different forms of a gene.

http://biology.about.com/od/geneticsglossary/g/alleles.htm

Segregation: separation of alleles during gamete formation.

http://biology.about.com/library/glossary/bldefmenlawseg.htm

Gamete: specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction.

http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0008016.html

Probability: the likelihood that a particular event will occur.

http://www.stat.wisc.edu/courses/st371-larget/prob-handout.pdf

Punnett Square: The gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross can be determined by drawing a diagram.

http://www.lakesideschool.org/upperschool/departments/science/bio/punnettsolutions.htm

Homozygous: organisms that are said to have identical alleles for a particular trait. http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/x3840e/X3840E02.htm

Heterozygous: organisms that have two different alleles for the same trait.

http://biology.about.com/bldefhetzyg.htm

Phenotype: physical characteristics.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenotype

Genotype: genetic makeup.

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=define%3Agenotype

Homologous: each of the 4 chromosomes that came from the male parent has a corresponding chromosomes from the female parent.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homologous_chromosome

Diploid: term used to refer to a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes.

http://www.daylilies.org/ahs_dictionary/diploid.html

Haploid: term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a single set of genes.

http://medical.merriam-webster.com/medical/haploid

Meiosis: a process of reduction division in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D1_-mQS_FZ0

Tetrad: in prophase of meiosis1, each chromosome pairs with its corresponding homologous chromosome to form a structure called tetrad.

http://www.usask.ca/biology/rank/316/tetrad/tetrad.htm

Crossing-over: as homologous chromosomes pair up and form tetrads in meiosis1, they may exchange portions of their chromotids in this process.

http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/sci/A0814125.html
Gene map: diagram showing the relative locations of each known gene on a particular chromosomes.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SCIENCE96/