10-1 Cell Growth1. Give two reasons why cells divide.
The cell divides before it becomes too large because if it gets to big, the DNA is faced with higher demands. Also, because the bigger the cell, the more difficult it is to move nutri
ents and wastes across the cell membrane.
2. How is a cell's DNA like the books in a library?
A book in a library is similar to the DNA of a cell because the books in a library contaion information about many topics that can help you find the answer to any sort of question you may have. The cell's DNA holds information that controls a cell's function.
3. What is the solution to the problem caused by cell growth?
Cell division is the solution to the problems caused by cell growth.
4. As a cell increases in size, which increase more rapidly, its surface or its volume?
The volume increases much more rapidly than the surface area.
5. Calculate the surface area, volume, and ratio of surface area to volume of an imaginary cubic cell with a length of 4cm.
The surface area of this object is 96cm cubed.
The volume is 64cm cubed.
The ratio of surface area to volume is 4:1.
10-2 Cell Division1. Name the main events of the cell cycle.
The main events of a cell cycle would include the cell growing, preparing the cell for division, and dividing to form two daughter cells. These two daughter cells begin the cycle all over again.
2. Describe what happens during each of the four phases of mitosis.
Step One: PROPHASE: The chromatin condenses into chromosomes. The centrioles separate and a spindle begins to form. The nuclear membrane breaks down.
Step Two: METAPHASE:The chromosomes line up across the cell and chromosomes are connected to spindle fibers at the centromere.
Step Three: ANAPHASE: sister chromatids separate in to chromosomes and move apart.
Step Four: TELOPHASE: Chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and form two new nuclear membranes.
3. Describe what happens during interphase.
The cell grows and replicates it's DNA and centrioles during interphase.
4. What are chromosomes made of?
Chromosomes are made of DNA and proiteins.
5. How do prokaryotic cells divide?
Prokaryotic cells divide by copying the genetic information and then separating the contents of the cell into two parts.
6. Cytokinesis is different in plant cells and animal cells for many reasons. For one thing, in animal cells, the cell membrane draws inward until the cytoplasm is pinched. In plant cells, a cell plate forms in the middle between the divided nuclei. It is similar in these two cells because it is the process that divides the cytoplasm in half.
Chapter 10-31. What chemicals regulate the cell cycle? How do they work?
Cyclins are known as the cemicals that regulate the cell cycle. They work by regulating timing of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells.
2. What happens when cells do not respond to the signals that normally regulate their growth?
Tumors, which are large masses of cells, are formed when cells do not respond to the signals that regulate their growth.
3. How do cells respond to contact with other cells?
Cells respond to contact with other cells by discontinuing the process of cell division.
4. Why can cancer be considered a disease of the cell cycle?
Cancer can be considered a disease of the cell cycle because it is a disruption in the cell cycle.
5. Write a hypothesis about what you think would happen if cyclin were injected into a cell that was in mitosis.
If cyclin were to be injected into a cell during mitosis, than it would disturb the cycle because cyclin affects timing.
Chapter 10 Review1. The rate at which materials enter and leave through the cell membrabe depends on the cells...
a) volume
2. The process of cell division results in...
c) Two daughter cells
3. Pairs of identical chromatids are attached to each other at an area called the...
b) centromere
4. If a cell has 12 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each of its daughter cell have after mitosis?
c)12
5. At the beginning of cell division, a chromosome consists of two...
c) chromatids
6. The phase of mitosis during which chromosomes become visible and centrioles separate from one another is...
a) prophase
7. Metaphase is best illustrated by...
b)
8. The timing of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells is controlled by a group of closely related proteins known as...
b) cyclins
9. In the cell cycle, external regulators direct cells to...
a) speed up or slow down the cycle
10. Uncontrolled cell division occurs in...
a) cancer
Hybrid: the offspring of crosses between parents with different traits.
Allele: The different forms of a gene. 
Segregation: separation of alleles during gamete formation. 
Gamete: specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction. 
Probability: the likelihood that a particular event will occur.
Punnett Square: The gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross can be determined by drawing a diagram. 
Homozygous: organisms that are said to have identical alleles for a particular trait. http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/x3840e/X3840E02.htm
Heterozygous: organisms that have two different alleles for the same trait. 
Phenotype: physical characteristics.
Genotype: genetic makeup. 
Homologous: each of the 4 chromosomes that came from the male parent has a corresponding chromosomes from the female parent. 
Diploid: term used to refer to a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes. 
Haploid: term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a single set of genes. 
Meiosis: a process of reduction division in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell.
Crossing-over: as homologous chromosomes pair up and form tetrads in meiosis1, they may exchange portions of their chromotids in this process. 
Gene map: diagram showing the relative locations of each known gene on a particular chromosomes. 
